Impact Of Globalization On The World Economy - 3193 Words

Impacts upon the world economy of the rise of the importance of China. CORP3502 Essay written by P12221243 Essay written to David Cantliff China takes a huge role in the global economy. If you will pay attention on any goods around, it can be noticed that the majority of products produced in China. The economic system in this country is enormous. In the 21st century, no country has attracted as much attention to itself as China. In an amazingly short period of time, China increased economical level of the country and developed itself rapidly, however for most modern advanced countries this process took centuries. Every year China increased its impact on the world economy and politics and still doing so. If earlier this influence was only related to the growing share of China in world trade, GDP and manufacturing, in the second decade of the 21st century Beijing started to effectively use the process of globalization for its economic recovery. China began to pursue a policy of restructuring the global rules in accordance with Chinese interests. Due to this, China has influenced some significant impacts on other countries and world economy. Since the late 1970s, China s economic has been transformed from a closed, centrally planned economy system to a more market related system, which already in 2010 was one of the largest in the world. After that, China became the largest exporter country in the world. According to the Xiaodong Zhu (Journal of EconomicShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization refers to all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society.† Definition by Martin AL brow, 1990, a British Sociologist. Globalization helps to under developed countries by increasing their economic. On the other side, researchers and experts are saying that, globalization helps in increasing gap between poor and rich people in all around the world. The impact of the globalization is so wide and board, it is difficultRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy800 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of globalisation came with the evolution of technology, industries and media and this process has been happening for a long time changing the world in cultural, social, political and economic aspects. According to Jan Aart Scholte, â€Å"a more global world is one where more messages, ideas, merchandise, money, investments, pollutants and people cross borders between national-state-territorial units†. Some positive effects of globalisation can be listened such as people become more open toRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World Economy2126 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Globalisation is disputably the most vital factor currently shaping the world economy. Although it is not a new phenomenon (waves of globalisation can be traced back to the 1800s) the changes it is bringing about now occur far more rapidly, spread more widely and have a much greater business, economic and social impact than ever before. Globalisation has benefitted Australia greatly because of the business connections it has with other countries around the globe, which has allowedRead MoreEconomic Impact Of Economic Globalization On World Economies2808 Words   |  12 PagesEconomic Globalization Economic globalization can be defined as the increase in economic assimilation and cooperation between countries, regions and small economies around the world through the increased movement of goods and services across borders. While globalization involves increase in political, economic and social interconnection across nations around the globe, economic globalization mainly involves growth in markets, international trade as well as advancement in fields such as technologyRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy Over The Past Fifty Years1976 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalisation has undoubtably become one of the key terms for the description of main tendencies in the arrangement of world order and application or tools and rules. As it is an ongoing process, it implies eternal changes and infinite progress. Nonetheless, if it brings changes, it does not mean that processes which take place consequently bring only a positive aftermath. For a successful discussion in the con text of globalisation, it is necessary to define what globalisation is. Sparke(2013) inRead MoreGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization influences many aspects of human life, it is a process of change, the process of collaboration and integration among the people and businesses of different nations, it is a process propelled by trade, investment and technology. The process of globalization has great purpose for bring people together and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the environment dueRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Globalization on South Africa767 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is the shrinking of the world and the increased consciousness of the world as a whole. It is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that is a result of dramatically incre ased cross-border trade, investment, and cultural exchange. Globalization has been dominated by the nation-state, national economies, and national cultural identities. The new form of globalization is an interconnected world and global mass culture, often referred to as a global villageRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Country1578 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the process in which people, companies and governments from different nations globalize their trade or business at international level. Globalization is not a new process, In past years people used to imports and exports of things at a long distance from their hometown to another place but nowadays globalization is very powerful and have a new face and it has been spread all over the world. Globalization is a good way to connect countries, people and do trade on a large scale andRead MoreGlobalization : A World Wide Movement Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a phenomenon, a world wide movement w here nations and communities come together and form a network. Throughout the course we explored the integration and interdependence of various nations, which ultimately shapes world affairs on a global level.Evidently, growth of the developing countries is the main cause of globalization and it brings both opportunities and disadvantages to them. There are numerous ways in which globalization has impacted the world today.The course also createdRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Pakistan s Economy978 Words   |  4 Pages SYNOPSIS Topic: Globalization and its impact on Pakistan’s economy Submitted to: Miss Ayesha Submitted by: Syeda Fatima Nadir Semester: 6 Major: Economics Introduction: Globalisation is the process

Introduction to Marketing Free Essays

Primary Questionnaires: Questionnaires consist of a list of questions that can be used to obtain feedback such as a spoc which is used at colleges to find out information such as if a student is enjoying their course etc. The Oldham College recently gave all of the students a spoc which was to get their feedback about the college for e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now if they feel safe and satisfied by their course. By doing a spoc the college is able to find out how many students are satisfied with their course, tutors and so on; this helps the college as they can use their research to see who’s happy and who isn’t, thereon they are able to make changes if necessary for their market plan. Suggestion box: A suggestion box is a box that is used for people to put suggestions inside, this is a good way for a college to get and consider suggestions as people may want to make their suggestions anonymously. The Oldham College students are able to make suggestions to the college through their suggestion box; if the majority of the students make the same suggestion then the college could consider making changes in their marketing plan. Student reps: The students union of The Oldham College are able to talk with each other and hear out the students suggestions, ideas and any complaints there may be; therefore they are there to put forth suggestions or complaints on behalf of the students, if the college feels that the suggestions made are necessary or that it may be of benefit they could consider making changes to their marketing plan to satisfy their students. Secondary Gov stats: Government statistics are official data collected from colleges, schools etc. which is released to the public; a person can then see which college has better success rates and how many people join them and so on. When government statistics are released showing the achievements and how  many students are joining the different colleges such as their competitor’s, this helps The Oldham College to evaluate their different aspects; this allows them to take good measures. Newspapers: Newspapers are a good way of collecting data, such as how colleges advertise their courses to the public; when competitors advertise courses in the newspapers and/or magazines The Oldham College is able to see what kind of courses they advertise and how; for e.g. if it’s plain text or images and so on. This gives them an idea of what courses are mainly being advertised and will help their marketing plan as they can do the same or do it and improve their advertising compared to their competitors. Competitor’s website: A competitors website can be looked at by its rival such as The Oldham College as they can see their competitor’s website to gather data from them such as what courses they offer and how they advertise their courses through their website; this helps The Oldham College’s marketing plan as they are able to see if there is any way they can improve their way of advertising and even their website with the aim of attracting new students to the college, this would be done through making changes to their existing marketing plan. How to cite Introduction to Marketing, Essays Introduction to Marketing Free Essays What is marketing? Marketing is the function that connects businesses to their target audiences’ needs. It is how a business presents and distributes their product to their audience. For example, a business can market their product by advertising it to the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be seen in many forms of media; such as: on television, via web, posters or on billboards. Marketing is the management procedure in which the product or service is moves from concept to the customer. It includes the co-ordination of the 4 P’s of marketing: product, price, placement and promotion. [tutor2u.net] The concepts of marketing Production The production concept is when businesses are more focused on making profit from their sales; the quality isn’t necessarily important as the company’s main concern is making sales. For instance, supermarkets such as Sainsbury’s and Tesco distribute their own products to the public. The production of products is also kept at a low cost. Product The product concept is when businesses focuses more on the quality of the product rather than how many of them are being sold. The business is more concerned with the high standards of the product set by customers and is prioritised. For example, smartphones have become more popular within society because of their many features. Selling The selling concept is when businesses are concerned with promoting a product even further to increase sales. For example, Coca-Cola advertises the same products over and over again; they introduced names to target people with that certain name. Marketing The marketing concept is when a business allows their customers to decide on the features of their product or service, before it is created. A business would use market research and use research development to discover the customers’ needs and wants for a product/service. Aims and objectives of two contrasting businesses Private sector business: Apple Inc. Apple’s objectives are to continuously sell the same products that are of high standards and quality. Market leadership in Apple Market leadership is when a business has the most customers/users due to their sales or service. Steve Jobs suggested these techniques to assist in becoming a market leader Be in possession of and have control over the relevant technology Take in and implement better technologies immediately as soon as they have availability, regardless of whether or not there are organisations using them beforehand Create new technologies/products before anyone else and make it an industry standard Brand awareness in Apple Apple raises brand awareness by creating adverts and allowing their stocks to be released online. This can be effective because potential customers will know whether not to purchase a product based on the stocks. Perceptions of customers in Apple Customers of Apple are aware of the product by seeing advertisement and by live streaming press conferences that are held by Apple. The effectiveness of live press conferences is that the potential customers will know what features the product has. Public sector business: National Health Service (NHS) Their aims are to aid people who are applicable to use their service. They are non-profit and are Governmental, which means that the Government funds the NHS by using a portion tax-payers’ money. Market leadership in the NHS The National Health Service is the only health service that is free in the country. This makes it the market leader. Awareness in the NHS One way in which the NHS raises awareness is by endorsements from the news or magazines. This can be effective because the news is something the majority of the public intakes. Perceptions of users in the NHS Users of the NHS become aware of this industry via real-life happenings. Some of these perceptions can be negative; as recently, a celebrity received a free surgery which wasn’t life threatening in any way. It wasted tax-payers’ money and the majority of the nation was unimpressed by this. How to cite Introduction to Marketing, Essays

Categories of Computer Crimes free essay sample

Computer crimes are criminal activities that involve using a computer and a network to gain unauthorized access with the intent of deleting, altering, or damaging computer data. Due to them being extremely versatile, establishing criminal and noncriminal behavior when in use can be very difficult at times. â€Å"According to the U. S. Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics, by 2000 more than 300 million users around the globe accessed the World Wide Web. Of those, at least 1 million were engaged in illegal Internet activities (computer crime or cyber-crime). Cyber-crimes include Internet-related forgery, embezzlement, fraud, vandalism, and the disposal of stolen goods. The potential threat to the overall development of e-commerce was serious—so much that online security expenditures were expected to double to $30 billion in 2004† (Computer Crime – Definitions). The four most common categories of computer crimes are infrastructure attacks, technological facilitation, information attacks, and promotion. Due to cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure companies being on the rise, I believe this presents the greatest threat at the present time. We will write a custom essay sample on Categories of Computer Crimes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It allows damage to be done to services, facilities, and organizational structures needed for society to operate. The most well know event that caused pure devastation was the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. In order to prevent more incidents happening, all non-military planes were grounded and there was a great amount of response from law enforcement and medical rescue. This has gone beyond just a government problem; there is a need for private organizations to get involved as well. The FBI needs to continue working closely with other agencies and most importantly, the owners operators of infrastructures. More outreach, informative websites, and training needs to be implemented as well. â€Å"Information technology has played a great role in the emergence of networked terrorist groups, such as al Qaeda and Jemmah Islamiyiah† (Taylor, Fritsch, Liederbach, Holt, 2011, p. 27). Although this made their chances of being discovered greater, communicating through the internet is an easy and effective way to facilitate an attack. There are many tools widely available that are harmful and do not require a high degree of technical skill. Any attempt to steal, or gain unauthorized access to make use of it, is known as an information attack. Although less destructive, it can still result in major damages or loss. In the technology field, this has added a lot of pressure to computer programmers in order to create more effective safeguards. It is important that users always update virus protection to keep their data safe from viruses. Hackers will try to get a hold of personal data such as a social security number, or even financial information. For terrorists, the internet is widely used for propaganda and recruitment purposes. In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks in USA, September 11, 2001, as the U. S. -led retaliation was building up, various news media was reporting the â€Å"propaganda battle†, on both sides, even using those words. (For example, in UK, there was the Channel 4 news that mentioned it at least once on October 8, 2001 in their 7pm broadcast, while Sky News said similar things on October 9, 2001 in their 10:30pm broadcast)† (Shah, 2007). Bin Laden used propaganda to instill hatred and to convince his views to the Muslim world, while western propaganda wanted to retaliate by correcting those misleading statements. Every day, technology plays an increasing role in the criminal justice by offering new opportunities and challenges. It advances the world along with the criminal justice system, making crimes harder to perpetrate. This union will continue to challenge us as to how information is turned into knowledge, which uses this knowledge and what the purposes are. In conclusion, there has been a lot of contribution to increased crime, and the difficulty in detecting and solving crime. I hope that society will recognize the seriousness of computer crime and demand more sever punishments for such criminals.

Learn How to Write an Essay About Education

Writing an education essay prove to be a daunting task if you have no clue on how to begin. Education is a broad topic encompassing many concepts. Likewise, it is a very common type of essays that students are usually required to write by their instructors. There are various reasons why teachers might assign essays to students. During classes, different concepts get taught. One of the methods the lecturer can evaluate whether every student has grasped the knowledge is through issuing essays on the learned topics.   Another importance of writing essays is to sharpen the skills and knowledge of the writer. This process acts as an exercise whereby students can explain various ideas using similar concepts and theories. As such the knowledge gets reinforced in their brains. Writing essay assignments assists the students to understand the practicality of theoretical concepts.   This will enable them to use what they learned in class to solve real-life situations.   Essay assignments also enhance the reasoning capacity of students. They learn how to analyze facts and obtain important information critically. Within a semester student usually, undertake different subjects. There are times whereby different instructors might give multiple assignments at the same time. In this case, students can learn how to manage their time efficiently. Time management is a crucial skill both in the school environment and in life. Explanations on What Is an Education Essay Education is a highly intriguing process. During ancient times, those who undertook educational activities were accorded high respect in society. Similarly, individuals who are highly educated in modern society get strong recognition and hold prestigious professions. Through education, people also get to improve themselves. Education essays discuss one or many aspects of education. They usually involve a variety of topics. These can range from education techniques, systems, challenges facing contemporary education, how education influences a student’s professional life and many others. Education essays can contain personal experiences. In essence, somebody can write about their educational journey from the basic level to more advanced levels. At the same time, educational essays can discuss various theoretical concepts. There are two ways of classifying education essays. They can be sorted through logical formulation or by the subject matter. Moreover, these essays are content-classified. For instance, you might decide to write a narrative essay describing events that occurred in a particular place during a certain time. Alternatively, you can opt to write about a persuasive essay that recommends a specific change in the educational system. Student Challenges on How to Write a Good Education Essay There are various challenges students experience in essay writing. These difficulties greatly hinder their ability to score good grades in their papers. As such, most find it necessary to seek online essay help to get tips on how to improve their writing or purchase writing assistance.   However, many companies are claiming to offer top-class services but deliver half-written papers to students. Therefore, finding professional writing services that provide good value is also a difficult task. Another problem many students face is poor writing skills. When a student does not understand the basic principles of writing proper essays, he or she is bound to fail. The inability to take adequate research is also another reason that will hinder essay writing. When students have multiple papers to write they can sometimes feel exhausted. This prevents them from effectively writing the pieces. Other students are slow in research and writing. Though they can write good papers, they frequently submit their papers after the deadlines. Such an action can make a student get disqualified from the course. Family and part-time job responsibilities place a heavy burden on the students’ energy. They have to find a way of balancing between writing and taking care of other important duties. Likewise, they rarely find enough time to write their papers. Emergencies such as sickness prevent students from undertaking any writing activities. They have to postpone the process until they feel better. This situation can prevent the student from submitting the paper on time. Professional writers are therefore a practical solution for students facing such challenges. Nevertheless, writing a good essay requires only two fundamental rules. The first is to confine your discussion to one main point and provide at least three supportive arguments. Second, you need to reinforce your ideas by mentioning a detail or two about each. Remember to make relevant citations for all cited material. Writing a Good Education Essay Outline The function of an essay outline is to assist you in organizing your main ideas. It provides guidance on the structural composition of your paper. Summarize the main content of your thoughts and arrange them in a logical as well as coherent manner. Creating an outline is an essential skill that a student needs to understand. Some course units might require the student to write the outline as part of the essay. The first step in writing the outline is to read all the paper guidelines carefully. Underline or highlight key phrases and words to boost your understanding of the paper requirements. Next, develop your topic and identify the purpose of writing the essay. Is it to persuade, enlighten or to entertain? The Best Approach to Use Regarding How to Start an Education Essay Identify the audience of the essay to help you know which tone to use while writing. It will also help you choose the appropriate vocabulary depending on their level of knowledge. The last step in creating an outline is the development of your thesis statement.   A good thesis statement should express the focus of the paper and mention an arguable claim. Do not make your thesis stamen more than two sentences long. The Best Education Essay Structure The structure and writing format of your essay might depend on your faculty’s specific requirements. Therefore, you need to first go through the instructions before deciding on a particular format. However, nevertheless, the general structure of an education essay starts with an introductory section followed by the body and finally the conclusion. How to Write an Education Essay Introduction An essay introduction usually serves two major purposes. The first is to capture the reader’s interest in your topic and encourage them to read more. A statement meant to attract the reader’s attention is the hook. The second function of the introduction is to give the reader a guide on what you are going to write about. This is the thesis statement. How to Craft a Perfect Education Essay Body To effectively write the body section, utilize your thesis statement to develop three parts.   The initial part is the first argument of your thesis statement. The second part forms the second idea, and the third part is your third discussion. In each part, make use of sub-points to support the main point. Each section of the body also needs to be started with a mini-thesis statement informing the reader on what the section entails. Composing an Education Essay Conclusion Restate the theses statement and three major points that accompanied it. Incorporate some closing remarks at the end. These could be something that emphasizes the importance of the topic to society, a proverb, an ironic statement or an obvious fact about your topic. Why You Need Our Education Essay Tips Many benefits come with purchasing our online writing services. Some of them are as listed below; Masters and D. writers On-time delivery 24-hour services Top-rated writers Affordable prices Buy Quality Papers from the Experts We are always ready to offer you help whenever you feel challenged in writing an education paper. We are your one-stop shop for writing solutions. Buy essay papers that guarantee good grades.

Florine Stettheimer, Avant-Garde Artist of the Jazz Age

Florine Stettheimer, Avant-Garde Artist of the Jazz Age Florine Stettheimer (August 19, 1871–May 11, 1944) was an American painter and poet whose brushy, colorful canvases depicted the social milieux of New York in the Jazz Age. During her lifetime, Stettheimer chose to keep her distance from the mainstream art world and only shared her work selectively. As a result, her legacy as a truly original American Folk-Modernist, while still modest, is now slowly building, decades after her death. Fast Facts: Florine Stettheimer Known For: Jazz Age artist with an avant-garde styleBorn: August 19, 1871 in Rochester, New YorkDied: May 11, 1944 in New York City, New YorkEducation: Art Students League of New YorkSelected Work: Cathedrals series, Family Portrait II, Asbury Park Early Life Florine Stettheimer was born in 1871 in Rochester, New York, the fourth of five children. Throughout her life, she had a close relationship with the two siblings closest to her in age- her older sister Carrie and her younger sister Ettie- as none of the sisters ever married. Both of Stettheimer’s parents were descendants of successful banking families. When her father Joseph left the family when the girls were children, they lived off their mothers, Rosetta Walter Stettheimer, sizable inheritance. In later life, Stettheimer’s independent wealth may have accounted for some of her reluctance to show her work publicly, as she was not dependent on the art market to support herself. This, in turn, may have affected the content of her work, as she was not forced to abide by the whims of cultural tastes and could more or less paint as she pleased. Florine Stettheimer, Spring Sale at Bendels (1921), oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Public Domain Personality and Persona Stettheimer spent her early years of schooling in Germany, but returned to New York City often to take classes at the Art Students League. She moved back to New York in 1914 before the start of World War I and took a studio near Bryant Park in the Beaux-Arts building. She became close friends with many of the movers and shakers in the art world at the time, including the father of Dada (and creator of R. Mutt’s Fountain), Marcel Duchamp, who taught French to the Stettheimer sisters. The company the Stettheimer sisters kept was highly creative. Many of the men and women who frequented Alwyn Court (the Stettheimer home on 58th Street and 7th Avenue) were artists and members of the avant-garde. Frequent visitors included Romaine Brooks, Marsden Hartley, Georgia O’Keefe, and Carl Van Vechten. Stettheimer’s politics and attitudes were distinctly liberal. She attended an early feminist conference in France when she was in her twenties, did not cringe at risquà © depictions of sexuality on stage, and was an ardent supporter of Al Smith, who favored a woman’s right to vote. She was also an outspoken supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal, making it the centerpiece of her famous Cathedrals of Wall Street (1939), now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She collected George Washington memorabilia and called him the â€Å"only man I collect.† Despite the time she spent in Europe, Stettheimer’s love of her home country is clear in the scenes of jubilation she choose to represent under its flag. Work Stettheimer’s best known works are of social scenes or portraits interspersed with symbolic references to their subjects’ lives and milieux, often including some reference to her own identity as a painter. Florine Stettheimer, The Cathedrals of Broadway, 1929, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public Domain / CC01.0   From a young age, the multi-sensory experience of attending the theater appealed to Stettheimer. Though her initial attempts at set design failed (she approached the dancer Vaslav Nijinsky with an idea of bringing the myth of Orpheus to the stage with her as set designer, only to be rejected), there is an undeniable theatricality to her canvases. Their visually-optimized but inaccurate perspective allows for the entire scene to be viewed from one point of view, and their elaborate framing devices give off the appearance of a proscenium or other elements of a theater or stage. Later in her life, Stettheimer did design the sets and costumes for Four Saints in Three Acts, an opera whose libretto was written by famed modernist Gertrude Stein. Art Career In 1916, Stettheimer was given a solo show at the well-known M. Knoedler Co. Gallery, but the show was not well received. It was the first and last solo show of her work in her lifetime. Stettheimer opted instead for throwing â€Å"birthday parties† for each new painting––essentially a party thrown in her home whose main event was the unveiling of a new work. The social occasion model of exhibiting was not a far cry from the salons for which the Stettheimer women were known during the interwar years. Stettheimer was known as a wit with a sharp tongue, uninhibited when it came to social critique. Her painting, as well as her poetry, are clear evidence of this assessment, such as the commentary on the art market which is the driving force of this poem: Art is Spelled with a Capital AAnd capital also backs itIgnorance also makes it swayThe chief thing is to make it payIn a quite dizzying wayHurrah–hurrah– Stettheimer was very deliberate about her image as an artist, often refusing to be photographed by the many significant photographers she counted among her friends (including Cecil Beaton) and instead opting to be represented by her painted self. Appearing in the straight cuts of clothing fashionable in the 1920s, the painted version of Florine wore red high heels and never seemed to age past forty, despite the fact that the artist died in her early 70s. While most often she would directly insert her image, palette in hand, into a scene, in Soirà ©e (c. 1917), she includes a nude self-portrait not widely exhibited (presumably because of its salacious content). Later Life and Death Florine Stettheimer died in 1944, two weeks before the Museum of Modern Art exhibited what she called her â€Å"masterpiece,† Family Portrait II (1939), a canvas which returned to her favorite subjects: her sisters, her mother, and her beloved New York City. Two years after her death, her great friend Marcel Duchamp helped organize a retrospective of her work at the same museum. Sources Bloemink, Barbara. Imagine The Fun Florine Stettheimer Would Have With Donald Trump: The Artist As Feminist, Democrat, And Chronicler Of Her Time.  Artnews, 2018, artnews.com/2017/07/06/imagine-the-fun-florine-stettheimer-would-have-with-donald-trump-the-artist-as-feminist-democrat-and-chronicler-of-her-time/. Brown, Stephen, and Georgiana Uhlyarik.  Florine Stettheimer: Painting Poetry. Yale University Press, 2017.Gotthardt, Alexxa. The Flamboyant Feminism Of Cult Artist Florine Stettheimer.  Artsy, 2018, https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-flamboyant-feminism-cult-artist-florine-stettheimer. Smith, Roberta. A Case For The Greatness Of Florine Stettheimer.  nytimes.com, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/18/arts/design/a-case-for-the-greatness-of-florine-stettheimer.html.

Pirates, Privateers, Buccaneers, and Corsairs

Pirates, Privateers, Buccaneers, and Corsairs Pirate, privateer, corsair, buccaneer: All of these words can refer to a person who engages in high-seas thievery, but whats the difference? Heres a handy reference guide to clear things up. Pirates Pirates are men and women who attack ships or coastal towns in an attempt to rob them or capture prisoners for ransom. Essentially, they are thieves with a boat. Pirates do not discriminate when it comes to their victims. Any nationality is fair game. They do not have the (overt) support of any legitimate nation and generally are outlaws wherever they go. Because of the nature of their trade, pirates tend to use violence and intimidation more than regular thieves. Forget about the romantic pirates of the movies: pirates were (and are) ruthless men and women driven to piracy by need. Famous historical pirates include Blackbeard, Black Bart Roberts, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read. Privateers Privateers were men and ships in the semi-employ of a nation which was at war. Privateers were private ships encouraged to attack enemy ships, ports and interests. They had the official sanction and protection of the sponsoring nation and had to share a portion of the plunder. One of the most famous privateers was Captain Henry Morgan, who fought for England against Spain in the 1660s and 1670s. With a privateering commission, Morgan sacked several Spanish towns, including Portobello and Panama City. He shared his plunder with England and lived out his days in honor in Port Royal. A privateer like Morgan would never have attacked ships or ports belonging to another nation besides the one on his commission and would never have attacked any English interests under any circumstances. This is primarily what differentiates privateers from pirates. Buccaneers The Buccaneers were a specific group of privateers and pirates who were active in the late 1600s. The word comes from the French boucan, which was smoked meat made by hunters on Hispaniola out of the wild pigs and cattle there. These men set up a business of selling their smoked meat to passing ships  but soon realized that there was more money to be made in piracy. They were rugged, tough men who could survive hard conditions and shoot well with their rifles, and they soon became adept at waylaying passing ships. They became greatly in demand for French and English privateer ships, then fighting the Spanish. Buccaneers generally attacked towns from the sea and rarely engaged in open-water piracy. Many of the men who fought alongside Captain Henry Morgan were buccaneers. By 1700 or so their way of life was dying out and before long they were gone as a socio-ethnic group. Corsairs Corsair is a word in English applied to foreign privateers, generally either Muslim or French. The Barbary pirates, Muslims who terrorized the Mediterranean from the 14th until the 19th centuries, were often referred to as corsairs because they did not attack Muslim ships and often sold prisoners into slavery. During the Golden Age of Piracy, French privateers were referred to as corsairs. It was a very negative term in English at the time. In 1668, Henry Morgan was deeply offended when a Spanish official called him a corsair (of course, he had just sacked the city of Portobello and was demanding a ransom for not burning it to the ground, so maybe the Spanish were offended, too). Sources: Cawthorne, Nigel. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison: Chartwell Books, 2005.Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996Defoe, Daniel. (Captain Charles Johnson) A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Earle, Peter. New York: St. Martins Press, 1981.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009

Does Chinese Investment Really Benefit Africa Essay

Does Chinese Investment Really Benefit Africa - Essay Example In terms of business, the aspect of investment signifies the acquisition of any physical product and/or services which is duly purchased by the producers expecting a considerable enhancement in their future business operations (Myles, 2003). The importance of the aspect of investment is immense for every business organisation. The proper and adequate investment eventually raises the wealth and widens the financial freedom of the business organisations. The idea of investment generally fulfils the personal goals of the investors and also increases the social responsibility towards employees’ family members as well as the community (Myles, 2003). This particular paper broadly aims towards establishing whether the Chinese investments made especially in African continent can be regarded as beneficial. In this connection, various aspects that include the overall investment scenario made by China particularly in Africa along with critical evaluation of Chinese investments in Africa will be presented throughout the discussion. A Brief Overview of the Chinese Investments in Africa The African continent is recognised to be a significant emerging player, especially in the global market. It is also viewed as the most prominent destination for making investments followed by other countries that include China as well as India globally. This is owing to the fact that the establishment of modern technologies along with raising revenues especially from the few of the commodities that include oil and other valuable products in Africa which eventually boosted the financial development along with the advancement of the country. Due to these significant reasons, Africa is emerging as a great investment destination for several nations similar to China. Particularly, the western part of Africa is observed as one of the rapidly growing destinations in terms of investments, especially in the mining segment (Deming, 2010). In this connection, China continuously is forming up bet ter as well as enhanced financial relations with Africa by taking into consideration the emerging worldwide scenario of the African business market. It has further been observed that the African continent is very rich in terms of natural resources that might boost the economy of China to a large extent. However, the country is observed to lack superior infrastructure as well as technology. Thus, the requirement of superior infrastructure as well as technology in Africa include telecommunication systems, roads, computer network systems and power generation among others eventually broadened various opportunities for the Chinese industries or companies to make investments in the African continent (Deming, 2010). It has been apparent that between the year 2007 and 2008, the business trade value between China and Africa was raised by 45 percent. During that year, the total business dealings between the two nations were estimated to be approximately $106 billion (Deming, 2010). However, d ue to the emergence of worldwide financial crisis, a few of the developed Western countries had decided to reduce the volume of investments particularly in Africa. On the other hand, China viewed this particular fact as a business opportunity with the intention of expanding its market share in Africa. It has also been observed tha

Sports in the 1940s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports in the 1940s - Essay Example This paper discusses sports in the 1940s in regard to the life and career of one of the black athletes of that era, Joe Louis. In the 1940s, boxing was as big as other sporting activities like baseball. Due to the advancement of television technology, a huge number of fans were able to watch boxing/fights at their homes. Joe Louis was among the famous and boxing legends that started their boxing career during this decade. Just like the other players, boxing players were not over drafted including Jack, Louis, and Montgomery (Lindop & Goldstein, 2010). Louis held the boxing title since the year 1937 to 1949 before he was knocked by Robinson. Born in the year 1914 in Alabama, Joe Louis succeeded to become one of the heavyweight boxers in the world. Due to the poor financial status of his family, Joe Louis was less educated and involved himself with old jobs to help his parents and siblings. Afterwards, Louis gained interest towards cabinet making career. He temporarily attended Bronson Vocational School and during off-times, he could join violin lessons. Later on, a friend of Joe Louis suggested that he should try boxing. Joe Louis did not become an immediate success and he was defeated continuously in his first fights due to his lightweight (Freedman, 2013). In the year 1934, Louis won the national AAUL (Amateur Athletic Union light-heavyweight) title and terminated his amateur career astonishing fort three knockouts in fifty four matches. During his career, Louis defeated six subsequent or previous heavyweight champions: Max Baer, Primo Carnera, James J. Braddock, Jack Sharkey, Kersey Joe Walcott, and Max Schmeling. Louis who was nicknamed Brown Bomber achieved the world’s heavyweight champion by knocking down Braddock in the year 1937 and held this title until the year 1949. When the United States began its war with German in the year 1941,

Organization Behavior Analysis Essay Example for Free

Organization Behavior Analysis Essay Consequently, in the United States, organizational behavior and management researchers started studying the role that culture plays in the business community. The investigation led to some confusion. Some believed that the national culture of Japan was the driving force behind the competitive successes of businesses in that country. To others, however, it was the cultures of specific companies that created the advantage. My Company uses the Pluralism method. The first distinction to be made when studying culture is the level of analysis—a nation versus a specific company. An individual company constitutes the level of analysis. Therefore, organizational culture consists of a set of shared meanings and values held by a set of members in an organization that distinguish the organization from other organizations. An organizations culture determines how it perceives and reacts to the larger environment (Becker, 1982; Schein, 1996). Culture determines the nature of an individuals experience in an organization in both for-profit companies and nonprofit enterprises. Over time, employees find out how the company works, what is rewarded, and what is punished. Questions, answers, myths, stories, and jargon all become part of the organizational experience. When the person matches the organizational type, the fit produces the best chances for individual success. Company leaders enjoy distinct advantages when an organization exhibits a positive culture. Positive cultures are democratic and progressive. They nurture and value the contributions of members. Positive cultures tend to be more flexible and adaptable, making the organization better able to meet the challenges of a dynamic world (Benn, 2011). Organizational leaders have vested interests in trying to build positive cultures over time. Some studies suggest that culture can play a larger role in employee motivation than pay (Gifford, Zammuto, Goodman, Hill, 2002). Organizational culture can help managers reach their goals while helping employees adapt to company life. The benefits of a positive culture include stability, employee self-management, and assistance in integrating new employees into the workplace. †¢Communicating with the IRS for a taxpayer regarding the taxpayers rights, privileges, or liabilities under laws and regulations administered by the IRS. †¢Representing a taxpayer at conferences, hearings, or meetings with the IRS. Preparing and filing documents, including tax returns, with the IRS for a taxpayer. †¢Providing a client with written advice which has a potential for tax avoidance or evasion. Furnishing information at the request of the IRS or appearing as a witness for the taxpayer is not practice before the IRS. Other individuals who may serve as representatives. Because of their special relationship with a taxpayer, the following individuals can represent the specified taxpayers before the IRS, provided they present satisfactory identification and, except in the case of an individual described in (1) below, proof of authority to represent the taxpayer. An individual. An individual can represent himself or herself before the IRS and does not have to file a written declaration of qualification and authority. 2. A family member. An individual can represent members of his or her immediate family. Immediate family includes a spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister of the individual. 3. An officer. A bona fide officer of a corporation (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, or organized group can represent the corporation, association, or organized group. An officer of a governmental unit, agency, or authority, in the course of his or her official duties, can represent the organization before the IRS. 4. A partner. A general partner may represent the partnership before the IRS. 5. An employee. A regular full-time employee can represent his or her employer. An employer can be, but is not limited to, an individual, partnership, corporation (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, trust, receivership, guardianship, estate, organized group, governmental unit, agency, or authority. . A fiduciary. A fiduciary (trustee, executor, personal representative, administrator, receiver, or guardian) stands in the position of a taxpayer and acts as the taxpayer, not as a representative. Submit a power of attorney when you want to authorize an individual to represent you before the IRS, whether or not the representative performs any of the other acts cited earlier under What Is a Power of Attorney. A power of attorney is most often required when you want to authorize another individual to perform at least one of the following acts on your behalf. . Represent you at a meeting with the IRS. 2. Prepare and file a written response to the IRS. Every day organizational operations involve processes and activities that are construed by many as distasteful or unpleasant parts of employment because they involve the use of authority, power, or politics. The word politics has a negative connotation for many people. Although they may try to avoid political situations, wishing them away is not possible. Furthermore, not every use of power has a negative intention or outcome. Managers can exert power to achieve legitimate organizational goals. The end result may be an increase or decrease in personal power, and the events may be construed as being political or simply as doing his or her job. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. The three types of authority are line authority, staff authority, and functional authority. Line authority is direct, formal authority, as indicated by the vertical lines of an organization chart. Staff authority consists of the right to advise, or give advice. Functional authority is the right to direct but not to discipline. It emerges when an individual has been assigned a leadership role on a task force, project team, or committee. The type of authority that Internal Revenue Service is mainly line authority. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. Employee responsibility, or accountability, is the obligation to carry out tasks as assigned by the supervisor. Each individual in a company is responsible to the manager at the next level up in the organizations hierarchy. The concept of parity of authority and responsibility states that equal levels of authority and responsibility should exist in each position (Fayol, 1916). Anyone who has authority should be held accountable for how that authority is used. Anyone being held responsible should have sufficient authority to get the job done. This is done in a positive manner. It gets the job done. If a manager motivates the unit, it brings out a positive outcome. A pleasant and positive job context contributes to individual and company success by enabling employees to do their best work. Through processes such as mentoring and rewarding, which help to build self-efficacy and self-esteem in individual workers, motivated behaviors can be increased. A company with an unpleasant physical environment, poor reward system, unqualified or inept supervisors, or counterproductive cultural norms limits motivated behaviors (Kamdar Van Dyne, 2007). Emotional Intelligence explains why, despite equal intellectual capacity, training, or experience, some people excel while others of the same caliber lag behind. Certain competencies are found repeatedly in high performers at all levels, from customer service representatives to CEOs. As trainers we must find ways to build these talents labeled EQ (emotional intelligence quotients). Research has shown that emotional intelligence, which encompasses self confidence, can be developed through things like awareness, training, coaching, and practice. That is why a growing number of organizations in the US and around the world is investing in providing their managers with training in emotional intelligence. The conclusion then is that if you are looking to build your self confidence as an important step toward achieving your dreams in life, you should consider taking some training or coaching that helps you develop your emotional intelligence. If you are a trainer or a coach, you should consider adding emotional intelligence to your offerings to help your clients build the confidence to achieve their dreams. The application of the New Sciences to the management of organizations in the age of hyper competition will also be investigated, in order to see whether it could improve our understanding and insight into the modern business organization. Due to the fact that this is a new and exciting way of managing a business, the amount of research literature available is limited. As always, when entering such uncharted waters, more questions will be raised than answers given, but this is indicative of a new concept, and leaves room for more intensive research which will provide a greater understanding of the value added by this management paradigm. Margaret Wheatley (1994) turns to the New Sciences to demonstrate how some of the issues discussed above might be accommodated. She shows how the New Sciences including Quantum Physics, Chaos Theory, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology provide insights into transforming how organizations organize work, people and life, in order to meet the strategic imperatives defined by DAveni. In particular, Wheatley draws on the New Sciences to apply scientific concepts to the problems of order/ change: autonomy/ control: structure/ flexibility: and planning/ innovation within organizations, and in so doing, calls, respectively, for free-flowing information, individual empowerment, relationship networks, and organizational change that evolves organically. This new approach to organizations is a dramatic shift away from thinking of organizations in mechanistic terms, as collections of replaceable parts, where leadership seeks prediction and control. A paradigm shift like this can only take place successfully if the necessary tools and mechanisms are available to support the application of the fundamental insights, offered by the New Sciences, to the complex adaptive system, i. e. the Organization . Conclusion  In summary, career development includes all efforts and activities conducted by individual employees and the organization to help each person choose and follow the best path. The primary concepts that apply to personal success are building an ethical foundation, becoming involved in training and preparation, finding the right person-organization fit, engaging in continuous improvement, and achieving balance. Organizational needs also must be met to fully achieve a quality career development system. The age of the virtual organization is fast becoming a reality. The implications of this have to be dealt with urgently in the new millennium, as the adoption of ever newer technologies and the emerging trends discussed earlier will continue to manifest at an exponential rate. What is also clear is that the traditional management framework is increasingly proving itself incapable of satisfactorily dealing with the new market reality: Conventional theories and practices no longer provide the necessary guidance and support for decision-making in a world of change, complexity and uncertainty. It is this, then, that is driving the move towards a new management paradigm, in terms of which the management function will be radically redefined to take emerging realities into consideration. If companies are to prosper to be drivers of their industries they will need to proactively embrace a new management philosophy that is cognizant of the dynamics of information science, accelerating change, a borderless world, the holistic approach, the New Sciences, as well as the growth of technology, and, in the words of Vernor Vinge,the dawn of the Technological Singularity.

Panoramic Poe Essay -- essays research papers

The written word has been the vehicle by which generations have articulated their hopes, fears, aspirations, and nightmares. Amidst these ideas, the author must weave together history, culture, environment and atmosphere to produce a setting in which their ideas will develop. This setting is crucial to many stories, including Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Cask of Amontillado.† Poe shrouds the reader in the warmth of a celebration and the coldness of death with only his words as a guide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poe starts out by introducing the reader to a carnival like atmosphere reminiscent of Mardi Gras. There are people in multi-colored jester outfits, people wearing masks, and the overall feeling of festiveness. This jovial atmosphere is greatly contradicted by the Montresor’s vengeful mood. The contrast of mood to setting creates a sense of chaos, somehow signifying an underlying madness in the character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another important aspect of the carnival setting is the wine. At the carnival itself, liquor is free flowing and most people have indulged themselves, including Fortunato, Montresor’s bane. This particular feature in the setting allows Poe to set up the events that unfold in the story. Fortunato, intoxicated and somewhat vain, insists upon seeing the Amontillado rather than have Montresor take it to someone else. At this point, the carnival setting has served its purpose in setting the mood and the circumstances of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

Technology Changes Not Just Our Physical Environment

Technology has changed our world in many aspects and through many different inventions and advances. Technology has changed our world in mainly two aspects, our physical environment and our way of life. Our physical environment is defined as the buildings, the infrastructure around us. For example, the trains and cars we see every day, the air-conditioners present in buildings and such. Our way of life is how we actually go about doing activities; the way we deal with matters. Technology has changed our physical environment in cities greatly.It has changed the physical environment, for example, the temperature in buildings, where a room can be cooled with air-conditioning. Technology has particularly changed the transport sector, where the infrastructure in current modes of transport are all made possible with the use of technology. For example, the cars, trains and buses we utilize as means of transport, were all created through the use of technology. The roads and vehicles that we see on our roads now were all only made possible through the use of technology.Compare this to the past, where walking or bicycles were the main modes of transport before cars and trains were invented. The use of technology has also changed our physical environment in terms of pollution. With advances in technology such as industrialization, the use of cars and so on, harmful gases have been released into the atmosphere as a result of these activities. These gases result in our atmosphere having more harmful gases compared to the past, in a sense changing our physical environment.Also, the innumerable tall buildings that we see in many cities around the world were only made possible by the use of technology; to ensure that the buildings would be stable even as the buildings were built higher and higher. Technology is used to constantly improve the quality of concrete so that it is stronger, and thus can be used for taller buildings. The chemical composition of cements and concrete i s constantly modified through the years so that they are stronger, and will be more stable for higher buildings.Furthermore, the speed at which tall buildings are being constructed now is a big change from the past. With the use of technology through inventions such as cranes in construction, buildings can now be constructed at much faster speeds than before. Cranes can put the blocks of concrete in place in a matter of minutes compared to the past, where the laying of one block of concrete could even take up to about one hour. In the ancient past, buildings like the pyramids took decades to finish constructing, compared to skyscrapers now, finishing construction in the span of a few years.Technology has not only changed the physical environment, it has also made it easier and faster for man to impact the physical environment. Technology has not only changed our physical environment, but also changed our way of life, the way we go about doing activities. One way technology has chang ed our way of life is through communication. In the past, the main modes of communication were either travelling miles to meet the person or sending letters to each other.These two methods of communication in the past took up much time, and the sending of letters was also not entirely reliable as letters could get misplaced along the way and such. Compared this to the present, where we now have reliable and speedy forms of communication. Current forms of communication are emails, text messaging and the use of social networking platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype and so on. With such forms of communication, messages can be sent across oceans and seas in the matter of several seconds.Technology has enabled humans to interact with each other at such high speeds, and it has changed the way many of us communicate with each other. Some even find it easier to communicate with others through the use of social networking platforms, resulting in some people being very introverted in re al life, but appear extroverted and friendly on social networking platforms. This changes our way of life as it reduces the human to human interaction between humans, it transforms the conventional way of communication between humans.Technology has also changed the structure of the family. Traditionally, women were expected to stay home to do the household chores and care for the children. However, with the advances in technology, household chores did not take up as much effort and time as compared to the past. This change enabled women to go out and have jobs, as it did not take much time and effort to settle household chores thanks to the advances in technology. Women being able to go out and work instead of being a housewife was one way the advance in technology changed the family structure.The increased freedom of women to work has also further effects on the structure of the family. With the increasing employment of women, women are also given increased status and independence of action, something women did not have in the past. With this increased status and independence of action, there is an increased possibility of women initiating a divorce. The divorce rate has increased steadily in recent years in many technologically oriented countries. A divorce would mean the destruction of family, and this is another way technology has changed our way of life.It can be seen that technology can change not only our physical environment, but also our way of life in terms of communication with others as well as the structure of the family, the basic social institution. All in all, technology has changed both our physical environment as well as our whole way of life. Technology has changed our physical environment in terms of our transport infrastructure, the height and speed at which our buildings are built and the atmosphere on earth. Technology has also changed our way of life, mainly through communications and also the structure of the family.

Singnifcane of Role of Media

Using materials from Item C and elsewhere, assess the view that the mass media represent young people as a problem group? (18 Marks) Youth are often portrayed as a ‘problem group’ in society, and as a major source of anti – social behaviour, particularly young working class, and especially African Caribbean, males. The Mass Media often generate this excitement by creating stereotypes of young people as troublemakers, layabouts and vandals, and by exaggerating the occasional deviant behaviour by a few young people out of the proportion to its real significance in society.Media strongly affects youth culture. The media executives are quick to defend their role in youth violence and bullying while selling millions of dollars in ads focused on youth. TV producers, network executives, motion picture companies and others in the media deny any impact of their programs on the attitudes and actions of youth. This essay using materials from Item C asses the view the mass me dia represent young people as a problem group. Some Sociologist argues that the mass media represent young people as a problem group.This has been argued by Cohen. He argues that young people are relatively powerless and an easily identifiable group to blame for society’s problems and therefore the mass media are able to represent young people as a problem group. In his study he found that African Caribbean males are often used as scapegoats by the media to create a sense of unity through the creation of moral panic. Where they generated moral panics based on stereotypes means that all young people from a specific group get labelled as troublemakers and an antisocial problem group.A recent event that backs up Cohen study is the protest of the Rising in tuition fees to ? 9000, where young people were see a bad and making the situation even worse by causing trouble. Thus, showing that the media represent young people as a problem group. However, Signorelli’s (1989) conte nt analysis of over 14,000 American television characters and found that not only young characters were represent as bad but also older characters were also represented as troublemakers. Which therefore show that the media equally represent different age groups as a problem.However, Jewkes (2004) points out that young people are the usual targets of moral panics, their behaves regarded as a barometer to test the usual target of moral panics, Young people are the usual target of moral panics, their behaviour is ‘regarded as a barometer to test the health or sickness of as society’ Furthermore, Pearson (1983) argues that contemporary images usually categorise young people as a problem. He argued that during the â€Å"golden age† media had represented young people with low rates of crime and the youth had respected the police.Pearson believes that the media are in a permanent panic about whatever manifestation of ‘youth as a problem’ is current: the Hoo ligans of Victorian Times, the Teds of the 1950s or the Travellers of today. A recent event that backs up Pearson’s theory is the London Summer 2010 Riots where young people were represented in the media as trouble makers and cause of the whole disturbance, although after research had been conducted more adults were found to be looting and rioting than young people.As well as, the media did not show much of the Young people gathering together to clean the streets of London. Therefore this shows that the media represents young people as problem groups. However Pearson theory has been criticised†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In addition, Wayne et al. (2008) had conducted a content analysis of 2130 news items across all the main television channels during May 2006. They found that young people were mainly represented as a violent threat to society. They found that it was very rare for news items to feature a young pers on’s perspective or opinion.They note that the media only delivers a one-dimensional picture of youth, one that encourages fear and condemnation rather than understanding. Moreover, they argue that it distracts from the real problems that young people face in the modern world such as homelessness, not being able to get onto the housing ladder, unemployment or mental health and that these might be caused by society’s, or the government’s, failure to take the problems of youth seriously. Thus, showing the media represent young people as a problem group. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Writing Motivation How to Persevere in Writing When You Want to Give Up

Writing Motivation How to Persevere in Writing When You Want to Give Up Writing Motivation: How to Persevere in Writing When You Feel Like Giving Up Writing motivation is fickle. It comes and goes but the feeling of wanting to give up might linger even longer.So how do you persevere in writing if you feel like giving up?Contrary to popular belief, writers and authors dont just want to write all day every day. Maybe the very rare person does, but thats not the normAnd so writers must learn to reach beyond themselves and understand how to stay motivated to write and persevere until they finish writing a book, especially if you want to self-publish a book.Heres how to keep your writing motivation high:Learn how perseverance in writing worksForming a writing habitGather the right writing toolsIncrease writing motivation through dedicationKeep your writing datesKeep the document visibleDo writing sprintsConnect with other authorsBe kind to yourselfNOTE: If you want a system as well as an accountability resource to keep up your writing motivation, check out our VIP Self-Publishing Program where we do just that (with 1-on-1 coaching) an d much more. Learn more about it hereHow Perseverance Works, Even in WritingI’m going to start with showing you an image of my nine-year-old’s perseverance that can be applied to anyone.Every week she climbs a 16 ft rope at her gymnastics class. She decided that she was going to make it to the bell about 2 months ago and she has steadily climbed further up the rope each week.Her hands slide up the rope with precision, her knees are out like a butterfly and she uses her whole body to climb up the rope. Every week I shoot a Facebook live video of her.And every week the time it takes her to climb the rope decreases.Preserving in writing is a lot like my 9-year-olds determination to squirm her way up the rope.It is climbing, hand over hand, using all the resources you have to keep your eye on the finished target. In my daughters case, it is the bell at the top of the gymnastics rope. In my case, it is finishing my second book this year. When my family and friends ask me ab out my first book, how much time it took, and what keeps me going, I shrug and say, â€Å"I started working on it consistently in November.† I went from idea to self-published in 6 months. Of course, that was with intentional, uninterrupted writing times and the determination to keep going even when it was hard.You can write a book too. You just have to make the most of every second and continue on your journey, even when it is hard.How to Form a Writing Habit to Maintain Writing MotivationIt is not always easy to consistently write. In fact, there are days when it is downright HARD, but we all have the same 86,400 seconds in every single day.How we choose to use our time is one of the things that sets apart those who persevere in writing against those that don’t.  And forming a writing routine and habit is the best way to make that happen. I dont have a lot of time for writing during the day- so I have to create time. The absolute best time for me is to wake before the sun and spend the first two hours of my day writing and creating. I do find small chunks of time during a break at school to pull up the google doc app on my phone and write a few words. However, as you can see by Chandler’s video about burnout, it is super important to create hard and fast boundaries about your life and your writing routine, so that you don’t burnout and you’re able to continue writing.Gather the Writing Tools to Help Writing MotivationSometimes those boundaries include using the right tools for writing, which will also help you persevere and keep you motivated to keep going. The right tool or writing software is generally not your phone.That’s not to say that you can’t have your phone as an occasional tool; however, it is equally as important to understand that if you pull your computer out and go to your dedicated writing space, you will likely accomplish a lot more. There are different people and people who do things in di fferent ways. In the writing community, we call them plotters and pansters, or discovery writers. The plotters plan every single detail out and they are then able to compile their narratives. The pansters go with the flow and get things moving by simply putting one word in front of the other. Here are some of the best tools for writing:A word processing program (like Microsoft Word or Google Docs)A journalA blank piece of paperA notebookA pen/pencilA keyboardKeep in mind that the word processor you use can make a huge difference in writing motivation.For example, using something like Scrivener to track your word count and goal line can keep you pushing to reach the end.Check out our Scrivener Tutorial below if youre curious to learn more. Keep Writing Motivation Through DeterminationWhen I am most likely to want to throw in the towel, I usually get some inspiration from someone that I’ve allowed to read my work to help me keep going. If that’s not possible, I reach out to the #writingcommunity on Twitter and someone there will give me some sage advice- like go for a walk. So many writers dream of having the ability to work from home, never get dressed if they don’t have to, and being an authorpreneur. However, it takes a lot of perseverance to get there.It takes the dedication of finding the one time in your day to keep an appointment with the most important VIP in your life: yourself.How to Maintain Writing Motivation Even When it Gets ToughMy writing coach, R.E. Vance, told me that the worst thing I can do is not to look at my writing for a few days. He said that when you aren’t engaged with it, it takes longer to move to the creation part because you have to re-read, figure out where you are, and you lose momentum.So follow these steps for persevering in your writing journey every day.#1 Keep a Writing Date With YourselfYou are a very important person in this blank page to published process. So, find a time that works for you, w hether that is early in the morning or after your family is in bed for the night, and dedicate five, ten, twenty-five minutes, or an hour to working on your book.â€Å"But I am tired.†Guess what? You’re making the most of those 86,400 seconds in a day by finding a few minutes to commit to writing. Personally, I am a morning writer. I know that I am a lot less likely to be interrupted in the morning than at any other time.#2 Keep the Document Open and VisibleWhen you open your work in progress document, you’re setting yourself up for success.You know that you want to add more words to the page and you can do this by simply putting one word down and following it with the next.You can edit bad writing, but you can’t edit a blank page.Thats why keeping the doc open, no matter what writing software you use, can help keep it top of mind. Think of it like keeping a sticky note out reminding you.Whenever you log on to your computer, youll have a reminder to writ e right in front of you.#3 Do Writing SprintsFor those of you who dont know, writing sprints are when you set a timer and simply write as much as you can during that time. You dont go back and read, you dont edit, you just write and keep writing until the time is up.Set a timer for a few minutes. It can be one minute, it can be two minutes, or it can twenty minutes.You get to decide how many minutes you want for a sprint and then during that time period, you simply write.You write as many words as you can in that sprint and perhaps it will inspire you to do another sprint.If you want to have more accountability do this, hop on Twitter and search the hashtag #writingsprints to find people who are currently looking for sprinting buddies.This can help you stick with it and then be accountable for it at the same time, since many post their word counts after (usually followed by more sprints).#4 Connect With Other AuthorsSometimes we need a little motivation to keep us going. Most othe r authors are more than willing to help you when you’re feeling down.Reach out to the author communities on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. They often have advice for you, whether it is on their blogs or through direct messages.If youre not sure where to go to find other writers, here are some hashtags you can use to search and find people writing in your genre!PlatformHashtagsTwitter- #amwriting - #writerslife - #authorlife - #aspiringauthor - #writerproblems - #[yourgenre]writerInstagram- #amwriting (as in, "I am writing") - #writerslife - #fantasywriter, #scifiwriter, #contemporarywriter, etc. - #writerprobs, #writerproblems - #writersofig, #writersofinstagram, #writersofinstaFacebook- #amwriting (as in, "I am writing") - #writerslife - #fantasywriter, #scifiwriter, #contemporarywriter, etc. - #writerprobs, #writerproblems#5 Be Kind to YourselfThe research from writer Joseph Epstein says that more than 81% of Americans believe that they have a book in them, but very few will put n the work to do it.You, however, are doing it and this deserves recognition.Often times we get down on ourselves, but in these times, you need to remember to speak to yourself like you would a friend. When I talk to a friend about my writing, they give me kudos and credit for the things I am doing. You should speak to yourself as you would speak to a friend. Writing Motivation from other AuthorsAny author will tell you that there will be days that you simply do not want to write, but many have tricks to help overcome the writing void.Here are a few of my favorite blog posts on finding the perseverance in your writing routine:7 Common Writing Mistakes that Will Stop You Finishing Your BookHow to Write Every Day (and why you should)9 Steps to Set Writing Goals and Commit to Your Book Writing PlanJust Write Every Day Of Your Life How to develop a daily writing habit, and why you shouldMake Time for Writing: Create a Writing Schedule That Works for YouRemember that there will always be times that you lose writing motivation and struggle to produce excellent content, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t write.Even the best writers struggle. They keep moving forward, by putting one word in front of the other and finding writing motivation that works for them, and you can too.Persevere in Writing TODAYStep 1:Set aside some of those 86,400 seconds in your day today and take time to write. It can be for 60 seconds or 60 minutes, but by putting engaging with your writing today, you are making the choice to persevere.Step 2:Sign up for your FREE training. Oftentimes, it helps to hear just how easy and manageable this process can be.

Blogging †The Long and Short of Making the Short List

Blogging – The Long and Short of Making the Short List Would you like to earn top pay for your say? â€Å"Make the cut† at top-tier sites that have cult-like followings and opportunities for massive exposure for your work? Like an inventor who stumbles upon a winning formula for launching a popular product, I’ve discovered some savvy insider’s tips, resulting in more â€Å"eureka† moments (and bigger paydays). My strategies and efforts have landed lucrative blogging gigs that have earned $75 to $100 for 500-word posts. For example, a few years ago, I beat out over a thousand applicants for a coveted position at an award winning site that had a Google Rank of 7. Just recently, I was proud as a peacock to â€Å"hack† it as a writer for the highly-regarded, productivity site, LifeHack.org. which boasts 3,000,000 page views per month. Here’s the long and short of why it matters†¦not all writing jobs are created equal. Sometimes it’s not what you write, but where you write, that determines   whether you’ll be a starving artist or enjoy a quality of life that truly puts the free in freelance, and puts some serious cash in your pockets. And here’s the bonus: there’s great truth to the adage, Success breeds success. The more top-tier publishing credits you can add to your portfolio, the easier it becomes to stand tall, get recognized, and beat out the competition. It’s almost like an exclusive club that requires a certain initiation before admittance. Here’s how to make it happen. 1. Establish a reputation for excellence.    Though social media is the rage these days, there’s something even more important than the amount of â€Å"Twitter† followers you have.   It’s your collective online image. Produce a body of work that speaks highly to your professionalism, ethics, and commitment to your craft. And avoid word wars at all costs.    2. Don’t underestimate the importance of a well crafted blog. Blogs have become like the new online resume. It’s one of the first places prospective employers and clients go to assess your writing level, style of expression, diligence, and ability to engage an audience. Wow them with unique, quality content and regularly updated posts. 3. Start guest posting. Try the smaller sites first to help hone your craft and get your name out there. Typically the higher a site is ranked, the more difficult it is to break into. It took me years (and multiple rejections) before my guest posts were finally accepted at Pro Blogger and Men with Pens. Big name sites are usually ranked a Google Rank of 5 or better. To check a site, verify its ranking here: prchecker.info/check_page_rank.php 4. Play to your strengths. Though I love to write, I’m strategic in my efforts. For example, if a writing gig requires extensive technical know-how, or in-depth photography skills, I don’t waste the poster’s time or mine. I have certain areas and topics in which I specialize, which allows me to work smarter, not harder. Be clear on what you do well; then work hard, systematically, to show the world. 5. Go where the money is. Freelance gigs abound. But, from my experiences, I’ve found the most lucrative positions short-listed at well-regarded, reputable sites like www.Problogger.net and www.Bloggingpro.com. 6. Prepare to be tested. The better paying freelance writing and blogging jobs often garner massive applicants. For this reason, you’ll likely have to rise above the rest to even make the short list. Once you’re chosen as a finalist, you’ll be required to take a writing test. This can consist of a selected topic, or one that you submit based on provided criteria. Follow the instructions carefully. Edit your work. Then send off the best representation of you and your skills possible. Follow these six smart tips and it won’t be long before you make the short list that others only dream about, and ultimately earn what you desire and deserve.   

Business Ethics (Case Analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ethics (Case Analysis) - Essay Example Brazil has been a place that Caterpillar has utilized to expand its operations and in 1993 the company consolidated its Brazilian operations in Piracicaba. Piracicaba was a town in dying need of industrial development in order to improve the supply of jobs available to the people. The region needed help and Catepillar became the perfect opportunity the people of Piracicaba needed. As Catepillar established itself in Piracicaba its arrival place it on the map as far as the town gaining international recognition. This indirectly helped the tourism industry and it eventually open the doors so that other companies began to move into Piracicaba. Caterpillar at first did not get too involved in the community. As the company starting building a networking within the community its level of involvement in social affairs at Piracicaba increase. Caterpillar since its arrival at Piracicaba improved the quality of life of the community by providing quality good paying jobs which helped many people in the region get out of poverty. Not only did the company pay a good salary, but the firm also provided many fringe benefits. The creation of a drug rehabilitation program to help employees with addiction is an example of the types of initiatives the company performed that goes beyond the norm. The employees are one of many stakeholder groups a company must considered when implementing corporate social responsibility strategies. Some of the other stakeholders that must be included within a CRS plan are the environment, suppliers, business partners, vendors, shareholders, lenders, and the community (Kotler, 2002). Despite the positive change that came once the company settled in the area many people the perception of many of the locals is that the company was simply not doing enough. Another thing was that the people felt that those Brazilians that gotten these good jobs were not grateful and were not doing anything to help the

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Rights of the Unborn in the UK and EU - Essay Example is that continuing with the pregnancy involves a greater risk to the physical or mental health of the woman, or her existing children, than having a termination. Abortion of up to 24 weeks is allowed if there is a substantial risk that the child when born would suffer "such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped. The second condition is that an abortion must be agreed by two doctors and carried out by a doctor in a government-approved hospital or clinic. The right to life of the unborn was historically protected by British laws on abortion. The English common law did not prosecute for abortions performed before quickening. In 1803, with Lord Ellenboroughs Act, Parliament enacted statutes overriding this relatively lenient stance (Potts Diggory, and Peel 1977). In 1861 Parliament passed the Offences against the Person Act. Section 58 of the Act made abortion a criminal offence, punishable by imprisonment from three years to life even when performed for medical reasons. Two laws, the Infant Life Preservation Act 1929 and Abortion Act of 1967 provided the exceptions to this 1861 Act. In 1929, the Infant Life Preservation Act amended the law stating it would no longer be regarded as a felony if abortion was carried out in good faith for the sole purpose of preserving the life of the mother. The Act made it illegal to kill a child capable of being born alive, and enshrined 28 weeks as the age at which a fetus is presumed to be viable. Th e Act allowed a doctor to perform an abortion legally if he/she was satisfied that the continuance of the pregnancy was liable to endanger the health of the expectant mother. In 1938, the Bourne case unfolded. The Bourne case concerned a young woman was gang raped by a group of soldiers and became pregnant. Dr Alec Bourne agreed to perform an abortion for her and was subsequently prosecuted. The judge agreed that forcing her to continue with the pregnancy would have been tantamount to wrecking her life. This

Personal Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personal Ethics - Essay Example In addition, she worked to assure that patients under her care were healthy. Her critical thinking of Environmental Theory dramatically revolutionized the nursing methodology in which sanitary conditions for patience became a focal point for all nurses. As a nurse, it is imperative to provide the utmost care to patients especially in the realm of elderly. As a nurse, one must understand that not nurturing elders can be against the moral standards of a nurse. Elderly neglect is one of the most prominent issues that needs to be addressed in modern society. It is clear that every year, an estimated 4 million older Americans are victims of neglect. Elderly neglect has been an issue not only in nursing houses but also in other aspects. Conducive research indicates that for every case of elder abuse and neglect reported to authorities, experts estimate as many as 23 cases go undetected. The quality of life of older individuals who experience abuse is a critical element because elderly often feel neglected which may cause physiological trauma that is definitely not healthy. This physical trauma can be a huge element as much research also suggests that older people who have been abused tend to die earlier, which is a huge concern. For the elderly, it highly imperative that they don’t experience this short of emotional trauma in their later years. From my personal perspective, nursing are majority in charge of handling patient’s nutritional status. Most patients that are sick tend to lose weight and must be supplemented with proper amount of food and nutrients. Conducive research indicates that as many as 65% of elderly patients are malnourished when they enter the hospital while in the hospital. Without having the proper nutritional assessment, it is highly illogical and difficult to monitor their status. Morally, they must have the right to

Implementation of Wireless Receiver Algorithms

Implementation of Wireless Receiver Algorithms Figure 1 System Specifications (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 2 Message format (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 3 Non-coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 4 Coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 5 Receiver Front-End (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 6 Frequency response of a passband filter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 7 Band-pass filter response Figure 8 Band-pass filter input/output Figure 9 Implemented DPSK demodulator (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 10 Low-pass filter input/output Figure 11 Optima sample time diagram Figure 12 Symbol with 40 samples (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 13 Early-Late sample at an arbitrary point (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 14 Early-Late sample at the maximum point of power (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 15 Early-Late symbol synchronization input/output Figure 16 Result of non-coherent receiver detection Figure 17 IQ Downconverter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 18 Sine and cosine table graphs Figure 19 Index control flow (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 20 Filter comparison (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 21 Down-conversion: x3I vs. x3Q counter clockwise Figure 22 Down-conversion: x4I vs. x4Q counter clockwise Figure 23 x6I vs. x6Q Figure 24 Averaging approach to overcome the jitter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 25 Code to solve the jitter Figure 26 Principle of the differential detector (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 27 Constellation without Phase Offset (dI Vs dQ) Figure 28 Result of coherent receiver detection using differential coherent demodulator Figure 29 BPSK and DPSK BER comparison (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 30 Costas Loop algorithm (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 31 Costas loop: yQ vs. yI Figure 32 Message obtained using Costas loop Figure 33 BER comparison of different modulation schemes and techniques (Sklar, 1983) This project is focused on implementing and coupling several functional blocks that will allow us to detect, extract and decode a wireless message that is being broadcasted in the Merz lab of computers. In the following sections, we will find the implementations of coherent and non-coherent receivers. In the section 1 we define the basic background knowledge that will be commonly used in the posterior phases of the report. We define the basic structure and features of the transmitter as well as the message format that the system is intended to detect. Finally, we define what is a coherent and a non-coherent system and provide a classification about the different techniques. In the section 2 we will analyse the non-coherent receiver implementation from the message acquisition, going to the filter section, signal scaling and refinement, using a DPSK demodulator to define the probable symbols represented, then establishing a synchronization for the symbol and finally presenting the message obtained. The section 3 will focus in the realization of a coherent receiver, considering two possible variations on this type of implementation: the first will be developed using a differential coherent demodulator, in this technique we will not recover the carrier signal. The second implementation of this receiver, will be done using a carrier recovery technique, which is in this case a Costas Loop Algorithm. Some common blocks are done in all the possible implementations that were carried out during this project: the first is the receiver front-end which is the responsible to acquire and prepare the signal for the posterior processing. To recover the symbol synchronization, we use a technique called early-late gate, this will let us know what is the most convenient instant of the time to sample the signal. For the case of coherent signal, we must adapt this technique to apply it separately for the signal I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature). The section 4 contains analysis, conclusions and discussions of the results obtained during the realization of the phases. The last sections of the report detail the references used for further explanations and the different programs used for implementing each block. In each section, we include little further explanations that could be referred to understand the steps and details that have been done in the corresponding section. 1. Background knowledge 1.1. Aims and objectives The focus of this project is to demonstrate the implementation and the behaviour of data links using Radio Frequency as media and different techniques. Basically, we use two techniques: coherent and non-coherent implementations. A further explanation of these techniques will be done in the following sections. A second implementation of a coherent receiver will be carried out by using a phase recovery technique with the Costas Loop and coupling the posterior phase to this block. The specifications of the system to be implemented could be defined as a set of blocks connected as follows: Figure 1 System Specifications (Tsimenidis, 2016) Where the transmitter has been already implemented, therefore the work will be carried out in the receiver algorithm to obtain the final data, which of course must be in a human readable format. We also must consider that the format of the message that is being broadcasted wirelessly in the Merz lab has the following format: Figure 2 Message format (Tsimenidis, 2016) 1.2. Digital modulation The digital modulation process refers to a technique in which the digital representation of the information is embedded in a signal, a carrier typically a sinusoidal signal, in such a way that this information will modify an established parameter of the signal. We can define a sinusoidal carrier in a general way as a signal that will correspond to the equation: Where the information could be embedded in this will be called amplitude modulation, if the parameter this will be called frequency modulation and finally the phase modulation will be obtained if we embed the data in the expression. Regard to the symbol this is called the angular frequency, it is measured in radians per second, this is related to the frequency (f) expressed in Hertz by the expression. 1.3. Coherent and non-coherent detection Considering the receiver side, we can classify the demodulation or detection based on the use of the carriers phase information in the process of information recovery. In the case that the receiver uses this information to detect the signals it will be called coherent detection, and non-coherent detection otherwise. This are also called synchronous and asynchronous detection, respectively. Coherent Non-Coherent Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Diferential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) Frecuency Shift Keying (FSK) Frecuency Shift Keying (FSK) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) Figure 3 Non-coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 4 Coherent receiver (Tsimenidis, 2016) 2. Non-coherent receiver 2.1. Receiver Front-End This segment of the non-coherent receiver will consist of the first two blocks, which are common for both coherent and non-coherent implementations. Figure 5 Receiver Front-End (Tsimenidis, 2016) The first block is the responsible to take a sampled input expressed as bits, represent it as a float number and then normalise it to a range +/- 1.0. The second stage applies a bandpass filter to the signal, this will attenuate the parasites components of frequency that could contaminate the signal that we received. Figure 6 Frequency response of a passband filter (Tsimenidis, 2016) To design the passband filter we must consider the following information: let = 4800 Hz, data rate = 2400 bps and sampling frequency = 48000 Hz. These assumptions, led us to the following results: Lower passband cut-off frequency: = = 3600 Hz Upper passband cut-off frequency: = + = 6000 Hz Lower stopband cut-off frequency: = = 1200 Hz Upper stopband cut-off frequency: = + = 8400 Hz The implementation of the filter will be done using the sptool command of Matlab, using the above defined values as parameters for the filter. The following figure shows the result obtained in the realization of the lab, considering the number of filter coefficients of 101. Figure 7 Band-pass filter response Figure 8 Band-pass filter input/output 2.2. DPSK demodulator To implement the non-coherent detection, we are going to use a DPSK demodulator, which was previously categorized as a non-coherent technique. The DPSK demodulator will take advantage of two basic operation that occur on the transmitter: the first is the differential encoding, and the second is the phase-shift keying. In the transmitter, the signal will be advanced in phase, with respect to the current signal, if the symbol to be sent is 0, and the phase will be preserved if the bit corresponds to 1. In the side of the receiver, we have memory that will be able to compare the phase of two successive bit intervals, i.e. it determines the relative difference in phase of these two, determining the correspondent symbols without the need of having information about the phase of the signal in the transmitter. Figure 9 Implemented DPSK demodulator (Tsimenidis, 2016) The FIR matched filter block will correspond to a low-pass filter, this is required because the demodulation process, as it is a multiplication between two sinusoidal signals, will generate a low-band signal and a high-band signal, where the second one should be filtered. 2.3. Symbol synchronisation The symbol synchronisation, also called symbol timing, is a critical process that consists in the continuous estimation and update of information of the symbol related to its data transition epochs. This is a critical process that must be conducted to keep the communication accuracy in acceptable levels. Broadly speaking, the synchronization techniques could be classified in two groups: open-loop and closed-loop. The chosen technique for this project corresponds to the Early-Late Symbol Synchronization which is a closed-loop type. The most popular technique is the closed-loop synchronization because Open-loop synchronizer has an unavoidable nonzero average tracking error (though small for large SNR, it cannot be made zero), a closed-loop symbol synchronizer circumvents this problem.(Nguyen Shwedyk, 2009) The corresponding results of the output of the demodulator are the following figures, these corresponds to the signals before and after the signal is filtered with the FIR low-pass filter. Notes: The curve in blue corresponds to the signal containing the high-frequency parasite component, and the curve in red shows the result of filtering the high frequency component, i.e. this is the output signal of the filter. The symbol correspondence is: symbol 0 for positive numbers, and symbol 1 for negative magnitudes. Figure 10 Low-pass filter input/output 2.3.1. Early-late Symbol Synchronization (Reed, 2002) The algorithm Early-late used for synchronization is supported by the idea that the sample of a symbol must be taken in the time where the energy is maximum, this will warranty a minimum error probability. This algorithm exploits the symmetry of the signal, neglecting the distortion and noise. Considering the following figure, we can see that the optimal time to take the sample, identified as T, should be in the halfway between two points T0 + d and T0 d, if the power in the T0 + d and T0 d is, ideally, the same. Figure 11 Optima sample time diagram Suppose the following figure shows a symbol, we can notice that if we take an arbitrary sample, e.g. n=3 and depending on the thresholds, could be wrongly interpreted as 0, however the most appropriated value is 1. Figure 12 Symbol with 40 samples (Tsimenidis, 2016) With a buffer size of 20 registers, we can notice that in the following figure the power levels of the signal for n=0 and n=19 are different, then we need to move the whole buffer one space to the right. Figure 13 Early-Late sample at an arbitrary point (Tsimenidis, 2016) If we continue with the iteration and we follow the rules described in the flow diagram, we will converge in a finite number of iterations, where we can see that the result is located as expected, this could be seen in the following figure. Figure 14 Early-Late sample at the maximum point of power (Tsimenidis, 2016) The results of the application of this algorithm for our case are shown in the following figure: Note: The signal in red is the input of the early-late symbol synchronization block and the signal in blue is the value of Em that will finally determine the value that the symbol is representing, in each case. Figure 15 Early-Late symbol synchronization input/output 2.4. Frame synchronisation As was stated in the in the background section, the message frame will begin with the characters ++++ and the message has 72 bytes encoding the message using a ASCII characters. Therefore, this section will deal with two tasks: (1) Detect the message preamble and (2) Decode byte per byte of the data contained in the payload. After the preamble section, we will detect 576 bits, corresponding to the 72 bytes that correspond to the ASCII characters. These characters will be dumped into an executable file that will then show the message that has been detected and decoded. The specific implementation of the algorithm is attached in the appendix section of this report. 2.5. Results and evaluation The result of applying the steps described in the sections from 2.1 to 2.4, we obtain the message, getting the result showed in the next figure: Figure 16 Result of non-coherent receiver detection 3. Coherent receiver The coherent receiver, also called synchronous receiver, implies certain degree of agreement or knowledge about parameters used in the transmitter side. For the case of the project, we have a signal of type DPSK, i.e. the codification is contained in the variation of the phase of the signal. 3.1. IQ Down-converter The aim of this component is to decompose a complex signal in terms of its in-phase and quadrature elements. To achieve this decomposition, we are going to perform the implementation using lookup-table oscillators, i.e. that for a given signal in-phase and quadrature components will be obtained by using the definitions given by: Figure 17 IQ Downconverter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Upon these definitions, the components that we obtain could be represented in two separated graphs, each one of them representing a different component table. Figure 18 Sine and cosine table graphs As for the index control of look-up table, we decide to use for loop to generate x2I[n] and x2Q[n], storing and transporting data to corresponding files as x2I.h and x2Q.h. These files will be used later to perform the conversion of values. Figure 19 Index control flow (Tsimenidis, 2016) After understanding the principle, we defined all of variables and initialized them to zero inside the main, and select the appropriate value of some variables such as state_mf, coeffs_mf and N_mf.Same as the picture over, the original data from bandpass output is also separated into two filters: Matched Filter I and Matched Filter Q, and the coefficients of the filters are the same with the original one. The benefit of using the lookup-table oscillators (setting x2 into x2I and x2Q) is to decrease the time of simulation because of the lower required sampling rate.ÂÂ   We can use via lookup table method to call them from x2I.h and x2Q.h, so that we can use it more efficiently in Matlab instead of shifting itself. And then, we multiplied x1 to x2I[n] and x2Q[n] one by one by using another for loop and got x3I and x3Q.Besides,the code of matched filter had been given by tutors and got x4I and x4Q. {x4I=fir(x3I,coeff_mf,state_mf_I,N_mf);ÂÂ   //match filter I } {x4Q=fir(x3I,coeff_mf,state_mf_Q,N_mf);ÂÂ   //match filter I } Figure 20 Filter comparison (Tsimenidis, 2016) We monitored and recorded x3I and x3Q in PicoScope and print screen. The wave of them spinning fixed at the origin point so three of these blows were selected to describe this wave batter. Figure 21 Down-conversion: x3I vs. x3Q counter clockwise After this, we can visualize the outputs of each one of the filters, now we are going to plot in the figure x4I and x4Q, obtaining: Figure 22 Down-conversion: x4I vs. x4Q counter clockwise 3.2. Symbol synchronization After IQ down-converter, the next stage is symbol synchronization. To achieve this, we create x5I[n] and x5Q[n] and sent x4I, x4Q one sample at the time. The procedure that we should do in this section is similar to the one seen in the non-coherent detection, however we must consider two buffers instead of one, one for I and other for Q parts. The sum of the above established energies will correspond to the energy that can be seen as the total energy of the signal, which is similar to lab of the symbol synchronization for the non-coherent receiver. The corresponding calculations to obtain the signals after the symbol synchronization process are defined as: Then, plotting the results obtained, we see the following figure: Figure 23 x6I vs. x6Q Due to synchronization problems, we threated the jitter that was causing these inconsistences using the averaging approach, as described in the follows: Figure 24 Averaging approach to overcome the jitter (Tsimenidis, 2016) Figure 25 Code to solve the jitter 3.3. Differential coherent demodulator In this section, we will implement a differential detector, also called a differential coherent demodulator. Figure 26 Principle of the differential detector (Tsimenidis, 2016) At first, we declare and initialize appropriately the required variables and define .In this differential detector, need to multiply ,1 symbol delay by . N N=1 N=2 N=3 After this, we defined x6I_prev and x6Q_prev to deal with this problem and let x6I_prev and x6Q_prev denote the values of x6I and x6Q from the previous symbol. It is very important to initialize them to zero at the declaration because we know . (Tsimenidis, 2016) x6I_prev=x6I; x6Q_prev=x6Q On the same time, dI contains the first two terms which stand for the In-phase part and dQ which contains the last two terms which stand for the Quadrature part. Hard decision is then achieved by deciding whether the dI value is positive or negative, with a negative value indicating that a logic 1 was transmitted which might be used in the next step that is frame synchronization and message detection. Now we obtain the plot showi